/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 4 -*- * * Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ // *************************************************************************** // nsec.c: This file contains support functions to validate NSEC records for // NODATA and NXDOMAIN error. // *************************************************************************** #include "mDNSEmbeddedAPI.h" #include "DNSCommon.h" #include "nsec.h" #include "nsec3.h" // Define DNSSEC_DISABLED to remove all the DNSSEC functionality // and use the stub functions implemented later in this file. #ifndef DNSSEC_DISABLED // Implementation Notes // // NSEC records in DNSSEC are used for authenticated denial of existence i.e., if the response to a query // results in NXDOMAIN or NODATA error, the response also contains NSEC records in the additional section // to prove the non-existence of the original name. In most of the cases, NSEC records don't have any // relationship to the original name queried i.e, if they are cached based on the name like other records, // it can't be located to prove the non-existence of the original name. Hence, we create a negative cache // record like we do for the NXDOMAIN/NODATA error and then cache the NSEC records as part of that. Sometimes, // NSEC records are also used for wildcard expanded answer in which case they are cached with the cache record // that is created for the original name. NSEC records are freed when the parent cache (the record that they // are attached to is expired). // // NSEC records also can be queried like any other record and hence can exist independent of the negative // cache record. It exists as part of negative cache record only when we get a NXDOMAIN/NODATA error with // NSEC records. When a query results in NXDOMAIN/NODATA error and needs to be validated, the NSEC // records (and its RRSIGS) are cached as part of the negative cache record. The NSEC records that // exist separately from the negative cache record should not be used to answer ValidationRequired/ // ValidatingResponse questions as it may not be sufficient to prove the non-existence of the name. // The exception is when the NSEC record is looked up explicitly. See DNSSECRecordAnswersQuestion // for more details. // mDNSlocal CacheRecord *NSECParentForQuestion(mDNS *const m, DNSQuestion *q) { CacheGroup *cg; CacheRecord *cr; mDNSu32 namehash; namehash = DomainNameHashValue(&q->qname); cg = CacheGroupForName(m, namehash, &q->qname); if (!cg) { LogDNSSEC("NSECParentForQuestion: Cannot find cg for %##s (%s)", q->qname.c, DNSTypeName(q->qtype)); return mDNSNULL; } for (cr = cg->members; cr; cr = cr->next) if (SameNameRecordAnswersQuestion(&cr->resrec, q)) return cr; return mDNSNULL; } mDNSlocal void UpdateParent(DNSSECVerifier *dv) { AuthChainLink(dv->parent, dv->ac); ResetAuthChain(dv); dv->parent->NumPackets += dv->NumPackets; } // Note: This should just call the parent callback which will free the DNSSECVerifier. mDNSlocal void VerifyNSECCallback(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv, DNSSECStatus status) { if (!dv->parent) { LogMsg("VerifyNSECCCallback: ERROR!! no parent DV\n"); FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); return; } if (dv->ac) { // Before we free the "dv", we need to update the // parent with our AuthChain information UpdateParent(dv); } // "status" indicates whether we are able to successfully verify // the NSEC/NSEC3 signatures. For NSEC3, the OptOut flag may be set // for which we need to deliver insecure result. if ((dv->parent->flags & NSEC3_OPT_OUT) && (status == DNSSEC_Secure)) { dv->parent->DVCallback(m, dv->parent, DNSSEC_Insecure); } else { dv->parent->DVCallback(m, dv->parent, status); } // The callback we called in the previous line should recursively // free all the DNSSECVerifiers starting from dv->parent and above. // So, set that to NULL and free the "dv" itself here. dv->parent = mDNSNULL; FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); } // If the caller provides a callback, it takes the responsibility of calling the original callback // in "pdv" when it is done. // // INPUT: // // rr: The NSEC record that should be verified // rv: The NSEC record can also be provided like this // pdv: Parent DNSSECVerifier which will be called when the verification is done. // callback: As part of the proof, we need multiple NSEC verifications before we call the "pdv" callback in // which case a intermediate "callback" is provided which can be used to do multiple verifications. // ncr: The cache record where the RRSIGS are cached // // NSEC records and signatures are cached along with the cache record so that we can expire them all together. We can't cache // them based on the name hash like other records as in most cases the returned NSECs has a different name than we asked for // (except for NODATA error where the name exists but type does not exist). // mDNSexport void VerifyNSEC(mDNS *const m, ResourceRecord *rr, RRVerifier *rv, DNSSECVerifier *pdv, CacheRecord *ncr, DNSSECVerifierCallback callback) { DNSSECVerifier *dv = mDNSNULL; CacheRecord **rp; const domainname *name; mDNSu16 rrtype; if (!rv && !rr) { LogDNSSEC("VerifyNSEC: Both rr and rv are NULL"); goto error; } if (!pdv) { LogDNSSEC("VerifyNSEC: ERROR!! pdv is NULL"); return; } // Remember the name and type for which we are verifying, so that when we are done processing all // the verifications, we can trace it back. // // Note: Currently it is not used because when the verification completes as we just // call the "pdv" callback which has its origName and origType. if (rr) { name = rr->name; rrtype = rr->rrtype; } else { name = &rv->name; rrtype = rv->rrtype; } dv = AllocateDNSSECVerifier(m, name, rrtype, pdv->q.InterfaceID, DNSSEC_VALIDATION_SECURE, (callback ? callback : VerifyNSECCallback), mDNSNULL); if (!dv) { LogMsg("VerifyNSEC: mDNSPlatformMemAlloc failed"); return; } dv->parent = pdv; if (AddRRSetToVerifier(dv, rr, rv, RRVS_rr) != mStatus_NoError) { LogMsg("VerifyNSEC: ERROR!! AddRRSetToVerifier failed to add NSEC"); goto error; } // Add the signatures after validating them rp = &(ncr->nsec); while (*rp) { if ((*rp)->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_RRSIG) { ValidateRRSIG(dv, RRVS_rrsig, &(*rp)->resrec); } rp=&(*rp)->next; } if (!dv->rrset) { LogMsg("VerifyNSEC: ERROR!! AddRRSetToVerifier missing rrset"); goto error; } // Expired signatures. if (!dv->rrsig) goto error; // Next step is to fetch the keys dv->next = RRVS_key; StartDNSSECVerification(m, dv); return; error: pdv->DVCallback(m, pdv, DNSSEC_Bogus); if (dv) { dv->parent = mDNSNULL; FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); } return; } mDNSlocal void DeleteCachedNSECS(mDNS *const m, CacheRecord *cr) { CacheRecord *rp, *next; if (cr->nsec) LogDNSSEC("DeleteCachedNSECS: Deleting NSEC Records\n"); for (rp = cr->nsec; rp; rp = next) { next = rp->next; ReleaseCacheRecord(m, rp); } cr->nsec = mDNSNULL; } // Returns success if it adds the nsecs and the rrsigs to the cache record. Otherwise, it returns // failure (mDNSfalse) mDNSexport mDNSBool AddNSECSForCacheRecord(mDNS *const m, CacheRecord *crlist, CacheRecord *negcr, mDNSu8 rcode) { CacheRecord *cr; mDNSBool nsecs_seen = mDNSfalse; mDNSBool nsec3s_seen = mDNSfalse; if (rcode != kDNSFlag1_RC_NoErr && rcode != kDNSFlag1_RC_NXDomain) { LogMsg("AddNSECSForCacheRecord: Addings nsecs for rcode %d", rcode); return mDNSfalse; } // Sanity check the list to see if we have anything else other than // NSECs and its RRSIGs for (cr = crlist; cr; cr = cr->next) { if (cr->resrec.rrtype != kDNSType_NSEC && cr->resrec.rrtype != kDNSType_NSEC3 && cr->resrec.rrtype != kDNSType_SOA && cr->resrec.rrtype != kDNSType_RRSIG) { LogMsg("AddNSECSForCacheRecord: ERROR!! Adding Wrong record %s", CRDisplayString(m, cr)); return mDNSfalse; } if (cr->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_RRSIG) { RDataBody2 *const rdb = (RDataBody2 *)cr->smallrdatastorage.data; rdataRRSig *rrsig = &rdb->rrsig; mDNSu16 tc = swap16(rrsig->typeCovered); if (tc != kDNSType_NSEC && tc != kDNSType_NSEC3 && tc != kDNSType_SOA) { LogMsg("AddNSECSForCacheRecord:ERROR!! Adding RRSIG with Wrong type %s", CRDisplayString(m, cr)); return mDNSfalse; } } else if (cr->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC) { nsecs_seen = mDNStrue; } else if (cr->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC3) { nsec3s_seen = mDNStrue; } LogDNSSEC("AddNSECSForCacheRecord: Found a valid record %s", CRDisplayString(m, cr)); } if ((nsecs_seen && nsec3s_seen) || (!nsecs_seen && !nsec3s_seen)) { LogDNSSEC("AddNSECSForCacheRecord:ERROR nsecs_seen %d, nsec3s_seen %d", nsecs_seen, nsec3s_seen); return mDNSfalse; } DeleteCachedNSECS(m, negcr); LogDNSSEC("AddNSECSForCacheRecord: Adding NSEC Records for %s", CRDisplayString(m, negcr)); negcr->nsec = crlist; return mDNStrue; } // Return the number of labels that matches starting from the right (excluding the // root label) mDNSexport int CountLabelsMatch(const domainname *const d1, const domainname *const d2) { int count, c1, c2; int match, i, skip1, skip2; c1 = CountLabels(d1); skip1 = c1 - 1; c2 = CountLabels(d2); skip2 = c2 - 1; // Root label always matches. And we don't include it here to // match CountLabels match = 0; // Compare as many labels as possible starting from the rightmost count = c1 < c2 ? c1 : c2; for (i = count; i > 0; i--) { const domainname *da, *db; da = SkipLeadingLabels(d1, skip1); db = SkipLeadingLabels(d2, skip2); if (!SameDomainName(da, db)) return match; skip1--; skip2--; match++; } return match; } // Empty Non-Terminal (ENT): if the qname is bigger than nsec owner's name and a // subdomain of the nsec's nxt field, then the qname is a empty non-terminal. For // example, if you are looking for (in RFC 4035 example zone) "y.w.example A" // record, if it is a ENT, then it would return // // x.w.example. 3600 NSEC x.y.w.example. MX RRSIG NSEC // // This function is normally called before checking for wildcard matches. If you // find this NSEC, there is no need to look for a wildcard record // that could possibly answer the question. mDNSlocal mDNSBool NSECAnswersENT(const ResourceRecord *const rr, domainname *qname) { const domainname *oname = rr->name; const RDataBody2 *const rdb = (RDataBody2 *)rr->rdata->u.data; const domainname *nxt = (const domainname *)&rdb->data; int ret; int subdomain; // Is the owner name smaller than qname? ret = DNSSECCanonicalOrder(oname, qname, mDNSNULL); if (ret < 0) { // Is the next domain field a subdomain of qname ? ret = DNSSECCanonicalOrder(nxt, qname, &subdomain); if (subdomain) { if (ret <= 0) { LogMsg("NSECAnswersENT: ERROR!! DNSSECCanonicalOrder subdomain set " " qname %##s, NSEC %##s", qname->c, rr->name->c); } return mDNStrue; } } return mDNSfalse; } mDNSlocal const domainname *NSECClosestEncloser(ResourceRecord *rr, domainname *qname) { const domainname *oname = rr->name; const RDataBody2 *const rdb = (RDataBody2 *)rr->rdata->u.data; const domainname *nxt = (const domainname *)&rdb->data; int match1, match2; match1 = CountLabelsMatch(oname, qname); match2 = CountLabelsMatch(nxt, qname); // Return the closest i.e the one that matches more labels if (match1 > match2) return SkipLeadingLabels(oname, CountLabels(oname) - match1); else return SkipLeadingLabels(nxt, CountLabels(nxt) - match2); } // Assumption: NSEC has been validated outside of this function // // Does the name exist given the name and NSEC rr ? // // Returns -1 if it is an inappropriate nsec // Returns 1 if the name exists // Returns 0 if the name does not exist // mDNSlocal int NSECNameExists(mDNS *const m, ResourceRecord *rr, domainname *name, mDNSu16 qtype) { const RDataBody2 *const rdb = (RDataBody2 *)rr->rdata->u.data; const domainname *nxt = (const domainname *)&rdb->data; const domainname *oname = rr->name; // owner name int ret1, subdomain1; int ret2, subdomain2; int ret3, subdomain3; ret1 = DNSSECCanonicalOrder(oname, name, &subdomain1); if (ret1 > 0) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: owner name %##s is bigger than name %##s", oname->c, name->c); return -1; } // Section 4.1 of draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-bis-updates-14: // // Ancestor delegation NSEC or NSEC3 RRs MUST NOT be used to assume non- // existence of any RRs below that zone cut, which include all RRs at // that (original) owner name other than DS RRs, and all RRs below that // owner name regardless of type. // // This also implies that we can't use the child side NSEC for DS question. if (!ret1) { mDNSBool soa = RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_SOA); mDNSBool ns = RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_NS); // We are here because the owner name is the same as "name". Make sure the // NSEC has the right NS and SOA bits set. if (qtype != kDNSType_DS && ns && !soa) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Parent side NSEC %s can't be used for question %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, rr), name->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return -1; } else if (qtype == kDNSType_DS && soa) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Child side NSEC %s can't be used for question %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, rr), name->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return -1; } LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: owner name %##s is same as name %##s", oname->c, name->c); return 1; } // If the name is a.b.com and NSEC's owner name is b.com i.e., a subdomain // and nsec comes from the parent (NS is set and SOA is not set), then this // NSEC can't be used for names below the owner name. // // Similarly if DNAME is set, we can't use it here. See RFC2672-bis-dname // appendix. if (subdomain1 && (RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_DNAME) || (RRAssertsNonexistence(rr, kDNSType_SOA) && RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_NS)))) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: NSEC %s comes from the parent, can't use it here", RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return -1; } // At this stage, we know that name is greater than the owner name and // the nsec is not from the parent side. // // Compare with the next field in the nsec. // ret2 = DNSSECCanonicalOrder(name, nxt, &subdomain2); // Exact match with the nsec next name if (!ret2) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: name %##s is same as nxt name %##s", name->c, nxt->c); return 1; } ret3 = DNSSECCanonicalOrder(oname, nxt, &subdomain3); if (!ret3) { // Pathological case of a single name in the domain. This means only the // apex of the zone itself exists. Nothing below it. "subdomain2" indicates // that name is a subdmain of "next" and hence below the zone. if (subdomain2) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: owner name %##s subdomain of nxt name %##s", oname->c, nxt->c); return 0; } else { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Single name in zone, owner name %##s is same as nxt name %##s", oname->c, nxt->c); return -1; } } if (ret3 < 0) { // Regular NSEC in the zone. Make sure that the "name" lies within // oname and next. oname < name and name < next if (ret1 < 0 && ret2 < 0) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Normal NSEC name %##s lies within owner %##s and nxt name %##s", name->c, oname->c, nxt->c); return 0; } else { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Normal NSEC name %##s does not lie within owner %##s and nxt name %##s", name->c, oname->c, nxt->c); return -1; } } else { // Last NSEC in the zone. The "next" is pointing to the apex. All names // should be a subdomain of that and the name should be bigger than // oname if (ret1 < 0 && subdomain2) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Last NSEC name %##s lies within owner %##s and nxt name %##s", name->c, oname->c, nxt->c); return 0; } else { LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: Last NSEC name %##s does not lie within owner %##s and nxt name %##s", name->c, oname->c, nxt->c); return -1; } } LogDNSSEC("NSECNameExists: NSEC %s did not match any case", RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return -1; } // If the answer was result of a wildcard match, then this function proves // that a proper wildcard was used to answer the question and that the // original name does not exist mDNSexport void WildcardAnswerProof(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv) { CacheRecord *ncr; CacheRecord **rp; const domainname *ce; DNSQuestion q; CacheRecord **nsec3 = mDNSNULL; LogDNSSEC("WildcardAnswerProof: Question %##s (%s)", dv->origName.c, DNSTypeName(dv->origType)); // // RFC 4035: Section 3.1.3.3 // // 1) We used a wildcard because the qname does not exist, so verify // that the qname does not exist // // 2) Is the wildcard the right one ? // // Unfortunately, this is not well explained in that section. Refer to // RFC 5155 section 7.2.6. // Walk the list of nsecs we received and see if they prove that // the name does not exist mDNSPlatformMemZero(&q, sizeof(DNSQuestion)); q.ThisQInterval = -1; InitializeQuestion(m, &q, dv->InterfaceID, &dv->origName, dv->origType, mDNSNULL, mDNSNULL); ncr = NSECParentForQuestion(m, &q); if (!ncr) { LogMsg("WildcardAnswerProof: Can't find NSEC Parent for %##s (%s)", q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(q.qtype)); goto error; } else { LogDNSSEC("WildcardAnswerProof: found %s", CRDisplayString(m, ncr)); } rp = &(ncr->nsec); while (*rp) { if ((*rp)->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC) { CacheRecord *cr = *rp; if (!NSECNameExists(m, &cr->resrec, &dv->origName, dv->origType)) break; } else if ((*rp)->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC3) { nsec3 = rp; } rp=&(*rp)->next; } if (!(*rp)) { mDNSBool ret = mDNSfalse; if (nsec3) { ret = NSEC3WildcardAnswerProof(m, ncr, dv); } if (!ret) { LogDNSSEC("WildcardAnswerProof: NSEC3 wildcard proof failed for %##s (%s)", q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(q.qtype)); goto error; } rp = nsec3; } else { ce = NSECClosestEncloser(&((*rp)->resrec), &dv->origName); if (!ce) { LogMsg("WildcardAnswerProof: ERROR!! Closest Encloser NULL for %##s (%s)", q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(q.qtype)); goto error; } if (!SameDomainName(ce, dv->wildcardName)) { LogMsg("WildcardAnswerProof: ERROR!! Closest Encloser %##s does not match wildcard name %##s", q.qname.c, dv->wildcardName->c); goto error; } } VerifyNSEC(m, &((*rp)->resrec), mDNSNULL, dv, ncr, mDNSNULL); return; error: dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); } // We have a NSEC. Need to see if it proves that NODATA exists for the given name. Note that this // function does not prove anything as proof may require more than one NSEC and this function // processes only one NSEC at a time. // // Returns mDNSfalse if the NSEC does not prove the NODATA error // Returns mDNStrue if the NSEC proves the NODATA error // mDNSlocal mDNSBool NSECNoDataError(mDNS *const m, ResourceRecord *rr, domainname *name, mDNSu16 qtype, domainname **wildcard) { const domainname *oname = rr->name; // owner name *wildcard = mDNSNULL; // RFC 4035 // // section 3.1.3.1 : Name matches. Prove that the type does not exist and also CNAME is // not set as in that case CNAME should have been returned ( CNAME part is mentioned in // section 4.3 of dnssec-bis-updates.) Without the CNAME check, a positive response can // be converted to a NODATA/NOERROR response. // // section 3.1.3.4 : No exact match for the name but there is a wildcard that could match // the name but not the type. There are two NSECs in this case. One of them is a wildcard // NSEC and another NSEC proving that the qname does not exist. We are called with one // NSEC at a time. We return what we matched and the caller should decide whether all // conditions are met for the proof. if (SameDomainName(oname, name)) { mDNSBool soa = RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_SOA); mDNSBool ns = RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_NS); if (qtype != kDNSType_DS) { // For non-DS type questions, we don't want to use the parent side records to // answer it if (ns && !soa) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: Parent side NSEC %s, can't use for child qname %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, rr), name->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } } else { if (soa) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: Child side NSEC %s, can't use for parent qname %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, rr), name->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } } if (RRAssertsExistence(rr, qtype) || RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_CNAME)) { LogMsg("NSECNoDataError: ERROR!! qtype %s exists in %s", DNSTypeName(qtype), RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return mDNSfalse; } LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: qype %s does not exist in %s", DNSTypeName(qtype), RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return mDNStrue; } else { // Name does not exist. Before we check for a wildcard match, make sure that // this is not an ENT. if (NSECAnswersENT(rr, name)) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: name %##s exists %s", name->c, RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return mDNSfalse; } // Wildcard check. If this is a wildcard NSEC, then check to see if we could // have answered the question using this wildcard and it should not have the // "qtype" passed in with its bitmap. // // See RFC 4592, on how wildcards are used to synthesize answers. Find the // closest encloser and the qname should be a subdomain i.e if the wildcard // is *.x.example, x.example is the closest encloser and the qname should be // a subdomain e.g., y.x.example or z.y.x.example and so on. if (oname->c[0] == 1 && oname->c[1] == '*') { int s; const domainname *ce = SkipLeadingLabels(oname, 1); DNSSECCanonicalOrder(name, ce, &s); if (s) { if (RRAssertsExistence(rr, qtype) || RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_CNAME)) { LogMsg("NSECNoDataError: ERROR!! qtype %s exists in wildcard %s", DNSTypeName(qtype), RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return mDNSfalse; } if (qtype == kDNSType_DS && RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_SOA)) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: Child side wildcard NSEC %s, can't use for parent qname %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, rr), name->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } else if (qtype != kDNSType_DS && RRAssertsNonexistence(rr, kDNSType_SOA) && RRAssertsExistence(rr, kDNSType_NS)) { // Don't use the parent side record for this LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: Parent side wildcard NSEC %s, can't use for child qname %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, rr), name->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } *wildcard = (domainname *)ce; LogDNSSEC("NSECNoDataError: qtype %s does not exist in wildcard %s", DNSTypeName(qtype), RRDisplayString(m, rr)); return mDNStrue; } } return mDNSfalse; } } mDNSexport void NoDataNSECCallback(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv, DNSSECStatus status) { RRVerifier *rv; DNSSECVerifier *pdv; CacheRecord *ncr; LogDNSSEC("NoDataNSECCallback: called"); if (!dv->parent) { LogMsg("NoDataNSECCCallback: no parent DV"); FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); return; } if (dv->ac) { // Before we free the "dv", we need to update the // parent with our AuthChain information UpdateParent(dv); } pdv = dv->parent; // We don't care about the "dv" that was allocated in VerifyNSEC // as it just verifies one of the nsecs. Get the original verifier and // verify the other NSEC like we did the first time. dv->parent = mDNSNULL; FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); if (status != DNSSEC_Secure) { goto error; } ncr = NSECParentForQuestion(m, &pdv->q); if (!ncr) { LogMsg("NoDataNSECCallback: Can't find NSEC Parent for %##s (%s)", pdv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(pdv->q.qtype)); goto error; } rv = pdv->pendingNSEC; pdv->pendingNSEC = rv->next; // We might have more than one pendingNSEC in the case of NSEC3. If this is the last one, // we don't need to come back here; let the regular NSECCallback call the original callback. rv->next = mDNSNULL; LogDNSSEC("NoDataNSECCallback: Verifying %##s (%s)", rv->name.c, DNSTypeName(rv->rrtype)); if (!pdv->pendingNSEC) VerifyNSEC(m, mDNSNULL, rv, pdv, ncr, mDNSNULL); else VerifyNSEC(m, mDNSNULL, rv, pdv, ncr, NoDataNSECCallback); return; error: pdv->DVCallback(m, pdv, status); } mDNSexport void NameErrorNSECCallback(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv, DNSSECStatus status) { RRVerifier *rv; DNSSECVerifier *pdv; CacheRecord *ncr; LogDNSSEC("NameErrorNSECCallback: called"); if (!dv->parent) { LogMsg("NameErrorNSECCCallback: no parent DV"); FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); return; } if (dv->ac) { // Before we free the "dv", we need to update the // parent with our AuthChain information UpdateParent(dv); } pdv = dv->parent; // We don't care about the "dv" that was allocated in VerifyNSEC // as it just verifies one of the nsecs. Get the original verifier and // verify the other NSEC like we did the first time. dv->parent = mDNSNULL; FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, dv); if (status != DNSSEC_Secure) { goto error; } ncr = NSECParentForQuestion(m, &pdv->q); if (!ncr) { LogMsg("NameErrorNSECCallback: Can't find NSEC Parent for %##s (%s)", pdv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(pdv->q.qtype)); goto error; } rv = pdv->pendingNSEC; pdv->pendingNSEC = rv->next; // We might have more than one pendingNSEC in the case of NSEC3. If this is the last one, // we don't need to come back here; let the regular NSECCallback call the original callback. rv->next = mDNSNULL; LogDNSSEC("NameErrorNSECCallback: Verifying %##s (%s)", rv->name.c, DNSTypeName(rv->rrtype)); if (!pdv->pendingNSEC) VerifyNSEC(m, mDNSNULL, rv, pdv, ncr, mDNSNULL); else VerifyNSEC(m, mDNSNULL, rv, pdv, ncr, NameErrorNSECCallback); return; error: pdv->DVCallback(m, pdv, status); } // We get a NODATA error with no records in answer section. This proves // that qname does not exist. mDNSlocal void NoDataProof(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv, CacheRecord *ncr) { CacheRecord **rp; domainname *wildcard = mDNSNULL; const domainname *ce = mDNSNULL; ResourceRecord *nsec_wild = mDNSNULL; ResourceRecord *nsec_noname = mDNSNULL; // NODATA Error could mean two things. The name exists with no type or there is a // wildcard that matches the name but no type. This is done by NSECNoDataError. // // If it is the case of wildcard, there are two NSECs. One is the wildcard NSEC and // the other NSEC to prove that there is no other closer match. wildcard = mDNSNULL; rp = &(ncr->nsec); while (*rp) { if ((*rp)->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC) { CacheRecord *cr = *rp; if (NSECNoDataError(m, &cr->resrec, &dv->q.qname, dv->q.qtype, &wildcard)) { if (wildcard) { dv->flags |= WILDCARD_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS; LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: NSEC %s proves NODATA error for %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, &(*rp)->resrec), dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); } else { dv->flags |= NSEC_PROVES_NOTYPE_EXISTS; LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: NSEC %s proves NOTYPE error for %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, &(*rp)->resrec), dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); } nsec_wild = &cr->resrec; } if (!NSECNameExists(m, &cr->resrec, &dv->q.qname, dv->q.qtype)) { LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: NSEC %s proves that name %##s (%s) does not exist", RRDisplayString(m, &(*rp)->resrec), dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); // If we have a wildcard, then we should check to see if the closest // encloser is the same as the wildcard. ce = NSECClosestEncloser(&cr->resrec, &dv->q.qname); dv->flags |= NSEC_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS; nsec_noname = &cr->resrec; } } rp=&(*rp)->next; } if (!nsec_noname && !nsec_wild) { LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: No valid NSECs for %##s (%s)", dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); goto error; } // If the type exists, then we have to verify just that NSEC if (!(dv->flags & NSEC_PROVES_NOTYPE_EXISTS)) { // If we have a wildcard, then we should have a "ce" which matches the wildcard // If we don't have a wildcard, then we should have proven that the name does not // exist which means we would have set the "ce". if (wildcard && !ce) { LogMsg("NoDataProof: Cannot prove that the name %##s (%s) does not exist", dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); goto error; } if (wildcard && !SameDomainName(wildcard, ce)) { LogMsg("NoDataProof: wildcard %##s does not match closest encloser %##s", wildcard->c, ce->c); goto error; } // If a single NSEC can prove both, then we just have validate that one NSEC. if (nsec_wild == nsec_noname) { nsec_noname = mDNSNULL; dv->flags &= ~NSEC_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS; } } if ((dv->flags & (WILDCARD_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS|NSEC_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS)) == (WILDCARD_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS|NSEC_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS)) { mStatus status; RRVerifier *r = AllocateRRVerifier(nsec_noname, &status); if (!r) goto error; // First verify wildcard NSEC and then when we are done, we // will verify the noname nsec dv->pendingNSEC = r; LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: Verifying wild and noname %s", nsec_wild ? RRDisplayString(m, nsec_wild) : "NULL"); VerifyNSEC(m, nsec_wild, mDNSNULL, dv, ncr, NoDataNSECCallback); } else if ((dv->flags & WILDCARD_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS) || (dv->flags & NSEC_PROVES_NOTYPE_EXISTS)) { LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: Verifying wild %s", nsec_wild ? RRDisplayString(m, nsec_wild) : "NULL"); VerifyNSEC(m, nsec_wild, mDNSNULL, dv, ncr, mDNSNULL); } else if (dv->flags & NSEC_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS) { LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: Verifying noname %s", nsec_noname ? RRDisplayString(m, nsec_noname) : "NULL"); VerifyNSEC(m, nsec_noname, mDNSNULL, dv, ncr, mDNSNULL); } return; error: LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: Error return"); dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); } mDNSlocal mDNSBool NSECNoWildcard(mDNS *const m, ResourceRecord *rr, domainname *qname, mDNSu16 qtype) { const domainname *ce; domainname wild; // If the query name is c.x.w.example and if the name does not exist, we should get // get a nsec back that looks something like this: // // w.example NSEC a.w.example // // First, we need to get the closest encloser which in this case is w.example. Wild // card synthesis works by finding the closest encloser first and then look for // a "*" label (assuming * label does not appear in the question). If it does not // exists, it would return the NSEC at that name. And the wildcard name at the // closest encloser "*.w.example" would be covered by such an NSEC. (Appending "*" // makes it bigger than w.example and "* is smaller than "a" for the above NSEC) // ce = NSECClosestEncloser(rr, qname); if (!ce) { LogMsg("NSECNoWildcard: No closest encloser for rr %s, qname %##s (%s)", qname->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } wild.c[0] = 1; wild.c[1] = '*'; wild.c[2] = 0; if (!AppendDomainName(&wild, ce)) { LogMsg("NSECNoWildcard: ERROR!! Can't append domainname closest encloser name %##s, qname %##s (%s)", ce->c, qname->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } if (NSECNameExists(m, rr, &wild, qtype) != 0) { LogDNSSEC("NSECNoWildcard: Wildcard name %##s exists or not valid qname %##s (%s)", wild.c, qname->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSfalse; } LogDNSSEC("NSECNoWildcard: Wildcard name %##s does not exist for record %s, qname %##s (%s)", wild.c, RRDisplayString(m, rr), qname->c, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNStrue; } // We get a NXDOMAIN error with no records in answer section. This proves // that qname does not exist. mDNSlocal void NameErrorProof(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv, CacheRecord *ncr) { CacheRecord **rp; ResourceRecord *nsec_wild = mDNSNULL; ResourceRecord *nsec_noname = mDNSNULL; mStatus status; // NXDOMAIN Error. We need to prove that the qname does not exist and there // is no wildcard that can be used to answer the question. rp = &(ncr->nsec); while (*rp) { if ((*rp)->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC) { CacheRecord *cr = *rp; if (!NSECNameExists(m, &cr->resrec, &dv->q.qname, dv->q.qtype)) { LogDNSSEC("NameErrorProof: NSEC %s proves name does not exist for %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, &(*rp)->resrec), dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); // If we have a wildcard, then we should check to see if the closest // encloser is the same as the wildcard. dv->flags |= NSEC_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS; nsec_noname = &cr->resrec; } if (NSECNoWildcard(m, &cr->resrec, &dv->q.qname, dv->q.qtype)) { dv->flags |= WILDCARD_PROVES_NONAME_EXISTS; nsec_wild = &cr->resrec; LogDNSSEC("NameErrorProof: NSEC %s proves wildcard cannot answer question for %##s (%s)", RRDisplayString(m, &(*rp)->resrec), dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); } } rp=&(*rp)->next; } if (!nsec_noname || !nsec_wild) { LogMsg("NameErrorProof: Proof failed for %##s (%s) noname %p, wild %p", dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype), nsec_noname, nsec_wild); goto error; } // First verify wildcard NSEC and then when we are done, we will verify the noname nsec. // Sometimes a single NSEC can prove both that the "qname" does not exist and a wildcard // could not have produced qname. These are a few examples where this can happen. // // 1. If the zone is example.com and you look up *.example.com and if there are no wildcards, // you will get a NSEC back "example.com NSEC a.example.com". This proves that both the // name does not exist and *.example.com also does not exist // // 2. If the zone is example.com and it has a record like this: // // example.com NSEC d.example.com // // any name you lookup in between like a.example.com,b.example.com etc. you will get a single // NSEC back. In that case we just have to verify only once. // if (nsec_wild != nsec_noname) { RRVerifier *r = AllocateRRVerifier(nsec_noname, &status); if (!r) goto error; dv->pendingNSEC = r; LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: Verifying wild %s", RRDisplayString(m, nsec_wild)); VerifyNSEC(m, nsec_wild, mDNSNULL, dv, ncr, NameErrorNSECCallback); } else { LogDNSSEC("NoDataProof: Verifying only one %s", RRDisplayString(m, nsec_wild)); VerifyNSEC(m, nsec_wild, mDNSNULL, dv, ncr, mDNSNULL); } return; error: dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); } mDNSexport CacheRecord *NSECRecordIsDelegation(mDNS *const m, domainname *name, mDNSu16 qtype) { CacheGroup *cg; CacheRecord *cr; mDNSu32 namehash; namehash = DomainNameHashValue(name); cg = CacheGroupForName(m, namehash, name); if (!cg) { LogDNSSEC("NSECRecordForName: cg NULL for %##s", name); return mDNSNULL; } for (cr = cg->members; cr; cr = cr->next) { if (cr->resrec.RecordType == kDNSRecordTypePacketNegative && cr->resrec.rrtype == qtype) { CacheRecord *ncr; for (ncr = cr->nsec; ncr; ncr = ncr->next) { if (ncr->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC && SameDomainName(ncr->resrec.name, name)) { // See the Insecure Delegation Proof section in dnssec-bis: DS bit and SOA bit // should be absent if (RRAssertsExistence(&ncr->resrec, kDNSType_SOA) || RRAssertsExistence(&ncr->resrec, kDNSType_DS)) { LogDNSSEC("NSECRecordForName: found record %s for %##s (%s), but DS or SOA bit set", CRDisplayString(m, ncr), name, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSNULL; } // Section 2.3 of RFC 4035 states that: // // Each owner name in the zone that has authoritative data or a delegation point NS RRset MUST // have an NSEC resource record. // // So, if we have an NSEC record matching the question name with the NS bit set, // then this is a delegation. // if (RRAssertsExistence(&ncr->resrec, kDNSType_NS)) { LogDNSSEC("NSECRecordForName: found record %s for %##s (%s)", CRDisplayString(m, ncr), name, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return ncr; } else { LogDNSSEC("NSECRecordForName: found record %s for %##s (%s), but NS bit is not set", CRDisplayString(m, ncr), name, DNSTypeName(qtype)); return mDNSNULL; } } } } } return mDNSNULL; } mDNSlocal void StartInsecureProof(mDNS * const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv) { domainname trigger; DNSSECVerifier *prevdv = mDNSNULL; // Remember the name that triggered the insecure proof AssignDomainName(&trigger, &dv->q.qname); while (dv->parent) { prevdv = dv; dv = dv->parent; } if (prevdv) { prevdv->parent = mDNSNULL; FreeDNSSECVerifier(m, prevdv); } // For Optional DNSSEC, we are opportunistically verifying dnssec. We don't care // if something results in bogus as we still want to deliver results to the // application e.g., CNAME processing results in bogus because the path is broken, // but we still want to follow CNAMEs so that we can deliver the final results to // the application. if (dv->ValidationRequired == DNSSEC_VALIDATION_SECURE_OPTIONAL) { LogDNSSEC("StartInsecureProof: Aborting insecure proof for %##s (%s)", dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); return; } LogDNSSEC("StartInsecureProof for %##s (%s)", dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); // Don't start the insecure proof again after we finish the one that we start here by // setting InsecureProofDone. dv->InsecureProofDone = 1; ProveInsecure(m, dv, mDNSNULL, &trigger); return; } mDNSexport void ValidateWithNSECS(mDNS *const m, DNSSECVerifier *dv, CacheRecord *cr) { LogDNSSEC("ValidateWithNSECS: called for %s", CRDisplayString(m, cr)); // If we are encountering a break in the chain of trust i.e., NSEC/NSEC3s for // DS query, then do the insecure proof. This is important because if we // validate these NSECs normally and prove that they are "secure", we will // end up delivering the secure result to the original question where as // these NSEC/NSEC3s actually prove that DS does not exist and hence insecure. // // This break in the chain can happen after we have partially validated the // path (dv->ac is non-NULL) or the first time (dv->ac is NULL) after we // fetched the DNSKEY (dv->key is non-NULL). We don't want to do this // if we have just started the non-existence proof (dv->key is NULL) as // it does not indicate a break in the chain of trust. // // If we are already doing a insecurity proof, don't start another one. In // the case of NSECs, it is possible that insecurity proof starts and it // gets NSECs and as part of validating that we receive more NSECS in which // case we don't want to start another insecurity proof. if (dv->ValidationRequired != DNSSEC_VALIDATION_INSECURE && (!dv->parent || dv->parent->ValidationRequired != DNSSEC_VALIDATION_INSECURE)) { if ((dv->ac && dv->q.qtype == kDNSType_DS) || (!dv->ac && dv->key && dv->q.qtype == kDNSType_DS)) { LogDNSSEC("ValidateWithNSECS: Starting insecure proof: name %##s ac %p, key %p, parent %p", dv->q.qname.c, dv->ac, dv->key, dv->parent); StartInsecureProof(m, dv); return; } } // "parent" is set when we are validating a NSEC and we should not be here in // the normal case when parent is set. For example, we are looking up the A // record for www.example.com and following can happen. // // a) Record does not exist and we get a NSEC // b) While validating (a), we get an NSEC for the first DS record that we look up // c) Record exists but we get NSECs for the first DS record // d) We are able to partially validate (a) or (b), but we get NSECs somewhere in // the chain // // For (a), parent is not set as we are not validating the NSEC yet. Hence we would // start the validation now. // // For (b), the parent is set, but should be caught by the above "if" block because we // should have gotten the DNSKEY at least. In the case of nested insecurity proof, // we would end up here and fail with bogus. // // For (c), the parent is not set and should be caught by the above "if" block because we // should have gotten the DNSKEY at least. // // For (d), the above "if" block would catch it as "dv->ac" is non-NULL. // // Hence, we should not come here in the normal case. Possible pathological cases are: // Insecure proof getting NSECs while validating NSECs, getting NSECs for DNSKEY for (c) // above etc. if (dv->parent) { LogDNSSEC("ValidateWithNSECS: dv parent set for %##s (%s)", dv->q.qname.c, DNSTypeName(dv->q.qtype)); dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); return; } if (cr->resrec.RecordType == kDNSRecordTypePacketNegative) { mDNSu8 rcode; CacheRecord *neg = cr->nsec; mDNSBool nsecs_seen = mDNSfalse; while (neg) { // The list can only have NSEC or NSEC3s. This was checked when we added the // NSECs to the cache record. if (neg->resrec.rrtype == kDNSType_NSEC) nsecs_seen = mDNStrue; LogDNSSEC("ValidateWithNSECS: NSECCached Record %s", CRDisplayString(m, neg)); neg = neg->next; } rcode = (mDNSu8)(cr->responseFlags.b[1] & kDNSFlag1_RC_Mask); if (rcode == kDNSFlag1_RC_NoErr) { if (nsecs_seen) NoDataProof(m, dv, cr); else NSEC3NoDataProof(m, dv, cr); } else if (rcode == kDNSFlag1_RC_NXDomain) { if (nsecs_seen) NameErrorProof(m, dv, cr); else NSEC3NameErrorProof(m, dv, cr); } else { LogDNSSEC("ValidateWithNSECS: Rcode %d invalid", rcode); dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); } } else { LogMsg("ValidateWithNSECS: Not a valid cache record %s for NSEC proofs", CRDisplayString(m, cr)); dv->DVCallback(m, dv, DNSSEC_Bogus); return; } } #else // !DNSSEC_DISABLED mDNSexport mDNSBool AddNSECSForCacheRecord(mDNS *const m, CacheRecord *crlist, CacheRecord *negcr, mDNSu8 rcode) { (void)m; (void)crlist; (void)negcr; (void)rcode; return mDNSfalse; } #endif // !DNSSEC_DISABLED