From: alves@calvin.usc.edu (William Alves) Subject: Re: music composition languages Date: 17 Jun 91 18:29:22 GMT I once tried to compile a list of computer music languages, which I've included below. I've posted it in the hopes that it will be useful and that some readers out there can help fill in the missing information or correct any mistakes. It brings up interesting questions about what, exactly, is a computer music language. But I'll leave that to you to decide. It's roughly in chronological order. Bill Alves ---------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY LISTING OF COMPUTER MUSIC LANGUAGES Computer Author(s) Language or OS Language Year (Institution) MUSIC I IBM 704 Assembler 1957 Max Mathews (Bell Labs) MUSIC II IBM 7094 Assembler 1958 Max Mathews (Bell Labs) MUSIC III IBM 7094 Assembler 1960 Max Mathews (Bell Labs) MUSIC IV IBM 7094 Macro 1963 Max Mathews (Bell Labs) assembler MUSIC 4B IBM 360? FORTRAN IV 1964 Godfrey Winham and Hubert Howe (Princeton) MUSIC 4F / ? FORTRAN IV 1967 Arthur Roberts (Ar- ORPHEUS gonne National Lab- oratory) GROOVE Honeywell FORTRAN IV 1968 Mathews, Moore (Bell DDP-224 & assembler Labs) MUSIC V independent FORTRAN IV 1969 Max Mathews (Bell Labs) & assembler MUSIC 360 IBM/360 FORTRAN IV 1969 Barry Vercoe (MIT) & 360 assembler MUSIC 6 ? ? ? (Stanford) MUSIC 4BF ? FORTRAN IV 1972 Godfrey Winham and Hubert Howe (Prince- ton) OUTPERFORM PDP-11 FORTRAN IV 1972 D. Jaeger, D. Lester (University of Toronto) SYMPFONICS ? FORTRAN IV 1972 B. Vassaur (U. of Tulsa) MUSIC 7 IBM 370 FORTRAN IV ? Hubert Howe (Queens Metasymbol College) MUSIC7 PDP-8 FORTRAN IV ? L. Hiller (SUNY Buffalo) MUSIC 10 PDP-10 ? ? J. Chowning, A. Moorer (Stanford) MUSIC 11 DEC PDP-11 Macro-II 1973 Barry Vercoe (MIT) POD6 HP-2116 FORTRAN IV 1973 Barry Truax (Institute of Sonology, Utrecht) MUS10 PDP-10 FORTRAN IV 1974 Leland Smith (Stanford) & MACRO 10 MOM HP2100A HPassembler 1974 G. Winham, M. Zucker- HP2116C man (Princeton) ORGANUM 1 IBM 370 PL/I 1974 Tisato (? Italy) ST IBM/360? FORTRAN IV ? Iannis Xenakis (CEMAMu, Paris) DCMP IBM 360 FORTRAN IV ? Grossi, Paoli, Sommi (CNUCE, Pisa, Italy) LPC IBM 370 FORTRAN IV 1975 Mian, Offelli (? Italy) PROD ? ? M. Green SSP PDP-15/20 MACRO-15 1975 G. M. Koeniq (Insti- tute of Sonology, Utrecht) POD7 HP-2116 FORTRAN IV 1975 Barry Truax (Simon Fraser University) MUSCMP DEC PDP-11 SAIL ? (Stanford) MUS8 MITS Altair BASIC 1976 R. Boudinot PILE DEC PDP-15 Macro 1977 Paul Berg (Institute of Sonology, Utrecht) invokator UNIX C 1977 C. Abbott SYNTA L-II PDP-10 FORTRAN IV 1977 W. Slawson (Univ. of Pittsburgh) UPIC Stand-alone? Assembler ? Xenakis (CEMAMu) autoklang Burroughs Algol ? Curtis Roads B6700 PLAY1 DEC PDP-11 PDP-11 1977 Joel Chadabe and Roger assembler Myers (NYSU Albany) PLAY2 DEC PDP-11? XPL 1978 Joel Chadabe and Roger Myers (NYSU Albany) PLACOMP PLATO/ ? ? 1978 D. Murray, J. Beau- champ, and G. Loitz (Univ. of Illinois) TREE/COTREE ? ? 1978 Curtis Roads (MIT) SSSP UNIX C 1978 Buxton, et. al. (University of Toronto) SYN4B DEC LSI-11 LSI-11 1978 N. Rolnick (IRCAM) assembler INV UNIX C 1978 Curtis Abbott (IRCAM) CHANT DEC PDP-11 SAIL 1979 Xavier Rodet, Yves Potard, and Conrad Cummings (IRCAM) MUSIC 1000 DEC PDP-11 ? 1979 Dean Walraff (DMX) 4CED DEC PDP-11 MACRO-11? 1979 Curtis Abbott (IRCAM) Music Composi- Fairlight ? 1980 (Fairlight Instruments) tion Language CMI CMUSIC UNIX C ? (UCSD) Algorithmic CP/M ? 1982 (Electronic Arts Music Language Research) Pla ? SAIL 1983 Bill Schottstaedt (Stanford) SCRIPT Synclavier XPL 1984? (New England Digital) Flavors Band Lisp Machine LISP 1984 C. Fry Arctic ? ? 1984 Roger B. Dannenberg, Paul McAvinney, and Dean Rubine (Carnegie Mellon) FORMES DEC VAX LISP 1984 Xavier Rodet and Pierre 11/780 Cointe (IRCAM) HMSL Macintosh, FORTH 1985 Larry Polansky, David Atari Amiga Rosenboom, and Phil Burke (Mills College) CSOUND UNIX C 1986 Barry Vercoe (MIT) CMIX UNIX C ? (Princeton) MASC ? ? ? Dan Kelley FORMULA ? ? ? Ron Kuivila ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- From: csz%well@apple.com (Carter Scholz) To: piet@cs.ruu.nl Subject: Computer Music Language LIst Date: Sun, 24 Nov 91 18:35:21 pst Earlier this year I volunteered to compile a list of music composition languages, based on responses from the Net. Thanks to all who responded, especially Bill Alves and Roger Dannenberg, who submitted the bulk of these entries, and suggested a format. This list makes no pretense to completeness, timeliness, usefulness, or to defining what a computer music language is or is not. It is simply an unedited compilation of data that Internet users chose to send me after reading my query about computer music languages. If you have additions, emendations, or suggestions, I'll be happy to hear them, and if I have the time I'll update the list sometime in the future. Carter Scholz csz@well.sf.ca.us ======================== Language: MUSIC I/II/III/IV Computer or OS: IBM 7094 Language: Assembler Year: 1957/58/60/63 Author: Max Mathews (Bell Labs) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC 4B Computer or OS: IBM 360 Language: Fortran IV Year: 1964 Author: Godfrey Winham & Hubert Howe (Princeton) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIGOL Computer or OS: Burroughs B5500 Language: Year: 1966 Author: Donald McInnis, Paul S. Davis, William A Wulf (U. of Virginia) Reference: Description: There was an Algol based language MUSIGOL fashioned after the Bell Labs MUSIC I-V programs. It was created by Donald McInnis, Paul S. Davis and William A. Wulf in 1966 at the Univ of Virginia. MUSIGOL ran on a Burroughs B5500 and used an Adage Ambilog 200 as a DAC. From: John Chalmers (chalmers@violet.berkeley.edu) Language: MUSIC 4F ORPHEUS Computer or OS: Language: Fortran IV Year: 1967 Author: Arthur Roberts (Argonne National Laboratory) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: GROOVE Computer or OS: Honeywell DDP-224 Language: Fortran IV & assembler Year: 1968 Author: Mathews, Moore (Bell Labs) Reference: Comm. Assoc. for Computing Machinery 13S:12 Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC V Computer or OS: independent Language: Fortran IV & assembler Year: 1969 Author: Max Mathews (Bell Labs) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC 360 Computer or OS: IBM/360 Language: Fortran IV & 360 assembler Year: 1969 Author: Barry Vercoe (MIT) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC 6 Computer or OS: Language: Year: Author: (Stanford) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC 4BF Computer or OS: Language: Fortran IV Year: 1972 Author: Godfrey Winham and Hubert Howe (Princeton) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: OUTPERFORM Computer or OS: PDP-11 Language: Fortran IV Year: 1972 Author: D. Jaeger, D. Lester (University of Toronto) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: SYMPFONICS Computer or OS: Language: Fortran IV Year: 1972 Author: B. Vassaur (U. of Tulsa) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC7 Computer or OS: PDP-8 Language: Forran IV Year: Author: Lejaren Hiller (SUNY Buffalo) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC 10 Computer or OS: PDP-10 Language: Year: Author: J. Chowning, A. Moorer (Stanford) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUSIC 11 Computer or OS: DEC PDP-11 Language: Macro-II Year: 1973 Author: Barry Vercoe (MIT) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUS10 Computer or OS: PDP-10 Language: Fortran IV Year: 1974 Author: Leland Smith (Stanford) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MOM Computer or OS: HP2100A Language: HP assembler Year: 1974 Author: G. Winham, M. Zuckerman (Princeton) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: ORGANUM 1 Computer or OS: IBM 370 Language: PL/I Year: 1974 Author: Tisato Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: ST Computer or OS: IBM 360 Language: Fortran IV Year: Author: Xenakis (CEMAMu, Paris) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: DCMP Computer or OS: IBM 360 Language: Fortran IV Year: Author: Grossi, Paoli, Sommi Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: LPC Computer or OS: IBM 370 Language: Fortran IV Year: 1975 Author: Mian, Offeli Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: PROD Computer or OS: Language: Year: Author: M. Green Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: SSP Computer or OS: PDP-15/20 Language: Macro-15 Year: 1975 Author: G. M. Koenig (Inst. of Sonology, Utrecht) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: POD6, POD7 Computer or OS: HP-2116 Language: Fortran IV Year: 1973, 1975 Author: Barry Truax (Simon Fraser U.) Reference: Computer Music Journal 1:3 Description: From: Language: MUSCMP Computer or OS: DEC PDP-11 Language: SAIL Year: Author: Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MUS8 Computer or OS: MITS Altair Language: BASIC Year: 1976 Author: R. Boudinot Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: PILE Computer or OS: DEC PDP-15 Language: Macro Year: 1977 Author: Paul Berg (Inst. of Sonology, Utrecht) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: invokator Computer or OS: Unix Language: C Year: 1977 Author: C. Abbott Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: SYNTA L-II Computer or OS: PDP-10 Language: Fortran IV Year: 1977 Author: Wayne Slawson (U of Pittsburgh) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: autoklang Computer or OS: Burroughs B6700 Language: Algol Year: Author: Curtis Roads Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: UPIC Computer or OS: ? Language: ? Year: Author: Xenakis (CEMAMu) Reference: Description: From: Language: PLAY1, PLAY2 Computer or OS: DEC PDP-11 Language: XPL Year: 1977-8 Author: Joel Chadabe & Roger Myers (NYSU Albany) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: PLACOMP Computer or OS: PLATO/ Language: Year: 1978 Author: D. Murray, J. Beauchamp, G. Loitz (U of Ill.) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: TREE/COTREE Computer or OS: Language: Year: 1978 Author: Curtis Roads (MIT) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: SYN4B Computer: LSI-11/03 Language: LSI-11 assembler Year: 1978 Author: Neil Rolnick & Phillipe Prevot (IRCAM) Reference: Computer Music Journal 2:2 Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: SSSP Computer or OS: Unix Language: C Year: 1978 Author: Buxton et al. (U of Toronto) Reference: Computer Music Journal 2:4, 3:4 Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: INV Computer or OS: Unix Language: C Year: 1978 Author: Curtis Abbott (IRCAM) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: Music-1000 Computer or OS: LSI-11 Language: LSI-11 assembler Year: 1978 Author: Dean Wallraff Reference: 3:4 Description: Score and orchestra language for DMX-1000 signal processor. From: Language: CHANT Computer or OS: PDP-11 Language: SAIL Year: 1979 Author: Xavier Rodet , Yves Potard, Conrad Cummings (IRCAM) Reference: Computer Music Journal Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: 4CED Computer or OS: PDP-11 Language: Macro-11? Year: 1979 Author: Curtis Abbott Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: Music Composition Language Computer or OS: Fairlight CMI Language: Forth Year: 198? Author: Fairlight Instruments Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: Cmusic Computer or OS: Unix Language: C Year: 198? Author: F. Richard Moore (UCSD) Reference: Description: From: Language: Algorithmic Music Language Computer or OS: CP/M Language: ? Year: 1982 Author: Electronic Arts Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: Pla Computer or OS: ? Language: SAIL Year: 1983 Author: Bill Schottstaedt (Stanford) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: FOIL (Far Our Instrument Language) Computer or OS: Buchla ?? Language: Forth Year: Author: Lynx Crowe, D. Rosenboom? Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: SCRIPT Computer or OS: Synclavier Language: XPL Year: 1984 Author: New England Digital Corp. Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: Flavors Band Computer or OS: Lisp Machine Language: LISP Year: 1984 Author: Christopher Fry Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: FORMES Computer or OS: DEC VAX Language: Lisp Year: 1984 Author: Xavier Rodet, Pierre Cointe (IRCAM) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: HMSL Computer or OS: custom 68000, Amiga, Macintosh Language: Forth Year: 1985 Author: David Rosenboom, Larry Polansky, Phil Burk Reference: Proceedings of the ICMC, 1985, 1987 Description: HMSL (Hierarchical Music Specification Language) is an object-oriented software environment for experimental music composition, with an emphasis on real-time user-machine interaction. Currently (10/91) at version 4.19, it's available from Frog Peak Music, Box A36, Hanover NH 03755. From: csz@well.sf.ca.us Language: Csound Computer or OS: Unix Language: C Year: 1986 Author: Barry Vercoe (MIT) Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: CMIX Computer or OS: Unix Language: C Year: Author: Paul Lansky? Reference: Description: From: alves%calvin.usc.edu%usc%elroy.jpl.nasa.gov@com.dec.decwrl (William Alves) Language: MASC Computer or OS: Commodore C-64 Language: Forth Year: 1986 Author: Dan Kelley Reference: Keyboard, ?/86 Description: From: csz@well.sf.ca.us Language: FORMULA Computer or OS: Atari, Mac Language: Forth Year: Author: Dave Anderson (UC Berkeley) & Ron Kuivila (Wesleyan U) Reference: July 1991 IEEE Computer Description: From: Marc Sabatella FORMULA is a language/multitasking OS for the Atari ST and Mac. It is a project of David Anderson at UC Berkeley and Ron Kuivila as Wesleyan University in Connecticut; I worked on it as my Master's project three years ago. It is based on (and built on top of) Forth. The basic idea of FORMULA is to represent music as cooperating processes. For instance, each part of a symphony might be a different process. Also, the generation of pitches, durations, velocities, and tempo can similarly be controlled by separate processes. From: Marc Sabatella (marc@hpmonk.fc.hp.com) Language: AMPLE Computer or OS: Acorn Language: Year: Author: Reference: Description: Yes, I've got a copy of [AMPLE]. The hardware was a box that plugs into a BBC's 1MHz port and included 16 tone generators each capable of generating an arbitary waveform. How they made it so cheap (200 quit initially, I bought one for 30) I can't imagine. It was developed for ACorn by a co. called Hybrid (NOT Hybrid Arts, also in comp. music buisiness). When Acorn finished selling the prod. Hybrid continued to develop it but a co. called Peartree(?) tried (it was rumoured) to produce a board for a PC. (I think!). The original language was called AMPLE BCE. Hybrid later altered it a bit (incl. made it run from ROM) calling it AMPLE Nucleus. It's very like FORTH - It's a stack-based language. All numbers are 16 bit integers. 2 3 4 + * nout prints "14" (nout prints the number on the top of the stack). Its got the control structures you'd expect. Music? Well, the letters a-g are the musical notes. A change to capitals indicates a change up an octave, to lowercase is down (symbols < and > do this expiccitly). Eg CDEFGABCDEFGABC^ Cbagfedcbagfedc plays a rising 2 octave acale of C, one rest (^) and a descending scale, finishing of the same note. Oh, I nearly forgot - it's multi-tasking! On a 6502! And it works! This is from memory - I've got the manual at home, Email me for more info. I believe someone wrote an adventure prog in Ample Nucleus. From: Andrew Morley - Flossie | abm88@uk.ac.soton.ecs ... abm88@ecs.soton.uk.ac Description: For information on Ample, you should contact: Hybrid Technology Ltd Unit 273 Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WE England Tel: +44 223 420360 They are the 'owners' (and I believe originators) of the language, and produce interpreters, synthesisers and so on. The language has a definite flavour of Forth to it. The Music page of the Acorn User magazine (published in England by Redwood Publishing) reviews a disc or two of Ample files most months; getting in touch with the authors should help your quest for users. Michael J Hardy Technical Publications Acorn Computers From: "Michael Hardy, Tech Pubs" Language: Kyma Computer or OS: Mac Language: Smalltalk Year: 1986 Author: Carla Scaletti Reference: "The Kyma/Platypus Workstation," Computer Music Journal, vol. 13, no. 2. "Composing Sound Objects in Kyma," Perspectives of New Music, vol. 27, no. 1. Description: I have developed a language called Kyma for specifying and manipulating sound. It is a visual language and is based on units called "sound objects" rather than the "notes" of standard music notation. Structures specified in Kyma can be compiled for real-time samples generation on a digital signal processor. Kyma is described in an issue of CMJ devoted to object-oriented music applications. The first version of Kyma was begun in 1986. In 1989 I formed a company to further develop Kyma and to make it available to others. The current version of Kyma is already quite a bit different from the Kyma in the CMJ article (and it continues to evolve as more and more people use it and provide feedback). Language: Arctic Computer or OS: Unix Year: Language: C Reference: (ArcticCMJ ,key = "Dannenberg" ,author = "Dannenberg, R. B., P. McAvinney, and D. Rubine" ,title = "Arctic: A Functional Language for Real-Time Systems" ,journal = "Computer Music Journal" ,volume = "10" ,number = "4" ,month = "Winter" ,year = "1986" ,pages = "67-78" ) Language: Adagio Computer or OS: Mac, PC, Atari, Amiga Language: C Year: 1984 Author: Roger B. Dannenberg Reference: @inproceedings(cmt ,key "Dannenberg" ,author "Dannenberg, R. B." ,title "The CMU MIDI Toolkit" ,booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference" ,year = "1986" ,organization = "Computer Music Association" ,address "San Francisco" ,pages "53-56" ) Language: Moxc Computer or OS: Mac, PC, Atari, Amiga Language: C Year: 1984 Author: Roger B. Dannenberg Reference: @inproceedings(cmt ,key "Dannenberg" ,author "Dannenberg, R. B." ,title "The CMU MIDI Toolkit" ,booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference" ,year = "1986" ,organization = "Computer Music Association" ,address "San Francisco" ,pages "53-56" ) Language: Canon Computer or OS: Macintosh Language: C (XLisp) Year: 1987 Author: Roger B. Dannenberg Reference: @article(CanonCMJ ,key = "Dannenberg" ,author = "Dannenberg, R. B." ,title = "The Canon Score Language" ,journal = "Computer Music Journal" ,volume = "13" ,number = "1" ,month = "Spring" ,year = "1989" ,pages = "47-56" ) Language: Fugue Computer or OS: Unix Language: C + XLisp Year: 1988 Author: Roger B. Dannenberg, Chris Fraley Reference: @inproceedings(ICMCFugue ,key "Dannenberg" ,author "Dannenberg, R. B. and C. L. Fraley" ,title "Fugue: Composition and Sound Synthesis With Lazy Evaluation and Behavioral Abstraction" ,booktitle = "Proceedings of the 1989 International Computer Music Conference" ,year = "1989" ,organization = "Computer Music Association" ,address "San Francisco" ,pages "76-79" ) ALSO July 1991 IEEE Computer Language: Keynote Computer or OS: Unix, Mac, Amiga Language: C Year: Author: Tim Thompson (tjt@twitch.att.com) Reference: Description: Keynote is an awk-like programming language and graphical editor for MIDI data, with both algorithmic and realtime applications. The graphical interface is based on only a few built-in functions - the entire user interface of a complete music editor (piano-roll style with pop-up menus) is written in Keynote itself, and is hence completely customizable and extensible by the user. Although it works best on UNIX systems under the X Window System, Keynote is portable and runs on the Macintosh and Amiga. Complete C source code is available, contact tjt@twitch.att.com for more info. From: Tim Thompson (tjt@twitch.att.com) Language: Max Computer or OS: Mac Language: C Year: 1986- Author: Miller Puckette (IRCAM) and David Zicarelli (Opcode Systems) Reference: Keyboard 2/91 Description: A graphical, object-oriented language in which pre- compiled input/output primitives of specific function can be "patched" together graphically onscreen to create large interactive systems. Primarily but not exclusively MIDI-oriented. User primitives can be compiled in Think C. Opcode Systems Inc., 3641 Haven Drive Suite A, Menlo Park CA 94025 From: Carter Scholz (csz@well.sf.ca.us) Language: Ravel Computer or OS: IBM-PC Language: C Year: 1988? Author: Jim Binkley Reference: Keyboard, 11/88 Description: Ravel, C source for Ravel, and binaries for pip are available via anonymous ftp from 131.252.20.145 potemkin.cs.pdx.edu Look in the pub/music/ravel directory. Ravel is a computer music prog. language that runs on the ibm-pc. It's a large system. Documentation in the form of ASCII files, binaries, and ravel music are on potemkin. src for ravel has been uploaded pip has been uploaded. pip is a programmable color organ for the pc. It requires EGA or VGA graphics capabilities plus an MPU-401 MIDI interface. The idea is that music is turned into graphics. There are 3 pip demos with pip. From: jrb@jove.cs.pdx.edu (Jim Binkley) Language: Symbolic Composer Computer or OS: Atari Language: Lisp Year: 1991 Author: Pekka Tolonen (igor@clinet.fi) Reference: Description: SC allows the user to create music from almost any source: text, fractals, association-structures... in almost any style.... It is quite a difficult language to learn, but it offers almost endless possibilities. It is not yet widely advertized; I learned of its existance by NetNews and Email. It happened that I was the first customer! Feel free to contact the author on this subject, and if you want you can mention my name. I heartily can recommend this software for anyone who is willing to invest a lot of effort. He/she will be rewarded with new music, and a lot of new musical ideas. From: Fokke de Boer (mtvfb@rivm39.rivm.nl) =========== END ===========